Research+Methods+and+Ethics

=Unit 4=

Dot Point 5.
• research methods and ethical principles associated with the study of learning, as outlined in the introduction to the unit.   - construction of research hypotheses - identification of operational independent and dependent variables - identification of extraneous and potential confounding variables including individual participant differences - order effects - experimenter effect - placebo effects
 * 1) ===__**Research Methods **__===
 * Experimental research:

- type of experiment - counterbalancing - single and double blind procedures <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- placebos <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- independent-groups <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- matched-participants <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-repeated-measures <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-reporting conventions
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ways of minimising confounding extraneous variables including:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">evaluation of different types of experimental research designs including:

- random sampling - stratified sampling - random-stratified sampling - random allocation of participants to groups - control and experimental groups
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">sampling procedures in selection and allocation of participants :

- case studies - observational studies - self-reports - questionnaires - interviews - brain imaging and recording technologies
 * techniques of qualitative and quantitative data collection:

- measures of central tendency including: * mean * median * mode - interpretation of p-values and conclusions - reliability including internal consistency
 * statistics:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">﻿ validity including construct and external


 * evaluation of research in terms of generalising the findings to the population.

2. __**Ethical Principles and Professional Conduct:**__
 * the role of the experimenter
 * protection and security of participants’ rights
 * confidentiality
 * voluntary participation
 * withdrawal rights
 * informed consent procedures
 * use of deception in research
 * debriefing
 * use of animals in research
 * role of ethics committees.