1.+Normality

=Unit 4.=

Dot Point 1.
 • concepts of normality and differentiation of mental health from mental illness Phobias || Depression Schizophrenia || Depression Schizophrenia || Anxiety Disorders Stress Mood disorders ||
 * Models of Normality **
 * Normality: ** Normality is considered to be what is acceptable or what can be expected to happen in most circumstances. In a clinical context, it is a condition that does not require treatment or assistance.
 * ** MODEL ** || ** EXPLANATION OF NORMALITY **  ||  ** EXAMPLE **  ||
 * ** BEHAVIOURAL ** || Behaviour is seen as the result of learning according to the principles of classical and operant conditioning or modelling. Abnormal responses can be treated through new learning via counterconditioning within behaviour therapy || Gambling
 * ** BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ** || A more eclectic, holistic approach that incorporates psychological, biological and societal influences to define behaviour || Stress
 * ** COGNITIVE ** || Cognitive processes are at the centre of behaviour, thought and emotions. They determine ones attitudes and assumptions and views of the world. Dysfunctional behaviour results when this view is flawed or inaccurate. Treatment in this approach involves therapy sessions, which work to change self-defeating beliefs and behaviours by demonstrating their irrationality and rigidity || Stress
 * ** FUNCTIONAL ** || Focuses on how effectively an individual is able to do what is expected in everyday life, taking into account the adaptiveness of the behaviour and how it affects the wellbeing of the individual or the social group || Addiction
 * ** HISTORICAL ** || As many behaviours evolve and change over time, the definition of normal behaviour involves an examination of the customs, habits and traditions within a particular society / culture to identify what it views as acceptable during a particular era || Smacking children was once permitted, but is now discouraged

Homosexuality was once classified as a mental disorder, but now it is not ||
 * ** MEDICAL ** || Describes normality in terms of physical health and its underlying physiological causes. Abnormal behaviour is seen as caused by an illness that usually has a physiological or biological cause, which can be diagnosed according to symptoms and signs of disorder, treated and, in most cases, cured by therapeutic methods within a hospital or clinical setting. || Normal = Health

Abnormal = Sick, ill || Schizophrenia || Depression || Eating raw fish Walking around naked || Weight IQ ||
 * ** NEUROBIOLOGICAL ** || An aspect of the medical approach to normality focussing on the role of the brain and nervous system in behaviour || Dementia
 * ** PSYCHODYNAMIC ** || Human behaviour is determined by underlying, usually unconscious, psychological influences. These influences (also called forces) are dynamic in that the relationship between them gives rise to behaviour. Abnormal behaviours result when conflicts arise in the relationship. || Phobias
 * ** SITUATIONAL ** || Normality is related to the factors to do with context (location or place) used to determine whether behaviour is typical or acceptable within that context || Wearing pyjamas is all right for going to bed, but not for attending school. ||
 * ** SOCIOCULTURAL ** || Describes normality in terms of what a particular society or culture views as acceptable. Normality is based on influences of nationality, religion, ethnic group, peer group, family or other relevant groups. This approach identifies inappropriate behaviour so that social norms may prevail for the harmonious functioning within a particular society or culture. || Wearing a kilt
 * ** STATISTICAL ** || Conclusions about normality are made on the basis of the analysis of numerical data and calculations as to the way that most people behave. Common measures are mean, median and mode pertaining to the normal distribution curve. || Height

** Mental Health Problem ** : Where a person’s feelings, thought and actions are negatively affected in an intermittent, transient or short term situation. ** Mental Illnes: ** A health condition that affects the way a person thinks, feels and acts and that causes the person distress and difficulty functioning. The condition is overwhelming to the point where the individual has great difficulty coping with day-to-day activities and maintaining relationships. Symptoms occur for significantly longer periods of time than is the case with a mental health problem. To be diagnosed with a mental illness a qualified mental health professional (such as a psychiatrist, a psychologist or a social worker) must evaluate a person on the basis of the symptoms he or she has, how long the symptoms have persisted and hoe his or her life is being affected.
 * Mental Health vs Mental Illness **
 * Mental Health: ** A state of emotional and social wellbeing in which a person can fulfil his or her abilities, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and be able to contribute to the community. With sound mental health, individuals feel good about themselves and are able to get on with their lives smoothly.


 * Resources: **